CHAPTER -XVI
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P – Provisional Source: Directorate of Employment and Craftsmen Training, Assam |
EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN IN ORGANISED SECTOR:
16.2.0 The employment of women in organised sector fo the State was 362.0 thousand at the end of December 2001 accounting for 32.0 per cent of the total employment. At the end of December 2002 the same has decreased to 321.9 thousand showing a share of 29.7 per cent to total employment. It is observed that women employment in public sector has marginally increased by 2.6 per cent while the same has decreased by 14.7 per cent in private sector in 2002. Table 16.2 exhibits the employment of women in organised sector for last five years.
TABLE – 16.2
EMPLOYMENT OF WOMEN IN ORGANISED SECTOR
(In thousand Nos.)
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P – Provisional Source: Directorate of Employment and Craftsmen Training, Assam |
UN-EMPLOYMENT SCENARIO IN THE STATE:
16.3.0 As per date available from the Employment Exchanges of Assam the total job seekers in the Live Register increased in 15,71,966 at the end of December 2002 from 15,24,616 at the end of December 2001, thereby showing an increase by 3.1 per cent. But, the placements have decreased to 747 from 942 during the same period under reference showing a decrease of 20.7 per cent. The Table 16.3 shows the district-wise job seekers along with the vacancy notified and placement in the State.
TABLE – 16.3
EMPLOYMENT THROUGH EMPLOYMENT
EXCHANGES IN ASSAM
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| Source: Directorate of Employment and Craftsmen Training, Assam |
16.3.1 The most alarming feature of the State is the growing unemployment problem. The job-seekers specially educated job-seekers are increasing day by day. From the record of the Live Register of Employment Exchanges, the registered educated job seekers stood at 1045940 (Provisional) at the end of December 2002. The percentage of educated job seekers to total job-seekers was 67 percent approximately, and out of the educated job seekers 54 per cent was H.S.L.C. passed, 29 per cent was H.S.S.LC. passed, 14 per cent was Graduate and the rest consist of Technical Graduate (Engineering, Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary etc.) and Post-Graduate job-seekers. The detail distribution of the educated job seekers are shown in Table 16.4.
TABLE – 16.4
DISTRIBUTION OF EDUCATED JOB-SEEKERS
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P – Provisional:: R - Revised Source: Directorate of Employment and Craftsmen Training, Assam. |
It may however be mentioned here that Employment Exchange’s data no doubt provide an idea about the dimension of the problem but it has also got some limitations so far as the coverage of total unemployed persons of the State is concerned. It is a fact that all unemployed persons of the State are not registered with the Employment Exchanges due to various reasons. On the other hand, all persons registered with the Employment Exchanges also cannot be said to be totally unemployed since some of them might already be self-employed or partially employed while some other might have registered seeking higher status employment from the existing low status employment.
UN-EMPLOYMENT SITUATION IN ASSAM AND INDIA AS PER RESULTS OF THE 57TH ROUND NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY:
16.3.2 The National Sample Survey Organisation regularly carry out a survey on employment and un-employment in the country. In this survey an unemployed person is considered to be the "person not working but seeking and/or available for work (by usual status)". As per results of 57th Round of the Survey during the year 2001-2002 the number of unemployed per 1000 persons by broad usual activity in Assam were 21 persons in Rural Areas against 5 persons at all-India level. Similarly the unemployed per 1000 persons in Urban Areas in the State were 20 persons against 14 persons in all India indicating thereby the greater dimension of unemployment in the State in comparison to the position in the country as a whole. The sex-wise unemployed in Urban and Rural areas per 1000 persons for 2001-2002 are shown in Table 16.5.
TABLE – 16.5
SEX WISE UNEMPLOYED IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS PER 1000 PERSONS
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Source: Report on Household Consumer Expenditure, Employment – Unemployment situation in India (57th Round National Sample Survey) |
CENSUS OF ASSAM GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES:
16.4.0 As per the latest date available from the Assam Government Employees Census, the total number of employees stood at 3.26 lakh as on 31st March, 1999 as against 3.04 lakh as on 31st March, 1994. Thus, the number of employees has recorded an increase of 7.24 per cent during the period from 01.04.94 to 31.03.99. The Table 16.6 shows the distribution of Government Employees according to the status/caste/tribes and sex as per Employees Census, 1999.
TABLE – 16.6
DISTRIBUTION OF ASSAM GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES ACCORDING TO THE STATUS/CASTE/TRIBES
AND SEX AS PER EMPLOYEES CENSUS, 1999 (PROVISIONAL)
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Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Assam. |
As per Census, the proportion of different categories of employees by status to the total State Government employees as on 31st March, 1999 were, Grade I-2.5 per cent, Grade II-2.8 per cent, Grade III-76.7 per cent and Grade IV-17.9 per cent. The female employees accounted for about 17 per cent of the total employees, as on the said date. On the other hand, the percentage of employees belonging to Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe (P), Scheduled Tribe (H), and Other Backward Classes were of the order of 6.8 per cent, 10.2 per cent, 2.3 per cent and 50.26 per cent respectively of the total State Government employees.
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION PROGRAMME:
16.5.0 In the context of limitations of job opportunities in the Government sector, the importance and necessity of creating more and more self-employment opportunities has assumed special significance not only for providing employment avenues but also for accelerating the pace of development of the State’s economy. For expansion of Self-employment avenues among the rural as well as urban unemployed youths in the State, various schemes programmes are being undertaken by the State Government through various organisations like, the Panchayat and Rural Development Department, Directorate of Industries and Commerce, Khadi and Village Industries etc. The achievements under these programmes are found to be by and large encouraging as evident from information available from the concerned organisations. The achievements are briefly described as follows:
I. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana (SGSY): This programme is comprehensive and covers all aspects of self-employment such as, organisation of the rural poor into Self Help Group (SHG), training credit, technology infrastructure and marketing. For implementation of this programme, the Government has fixed a target of Rs 100.00 crore of credit mobilization through the programme for creating self-employment avenues under which Rs 60.92 crore were mobilised upto the end of March 2003. The DRDA at the District level is the sole authority for implementation of the programme in the concerned district. During the year 2002-2003 an amount of Rs 3587.09 lakh was spent under the programme and the number of individual Swarojgaries assisted were 5043 and number of groups Swarojgaries were 3078 under SHGs. The percentage of achievements were 40.73 and 82.85 respectively. The physical achievement under the programme during the year 2001-2002 were 48.06 per cent for Individual Swarojgaries and 57.00 per cent for Group Swarojgaries against the target fixed for the year.
II. Special SGSY: This programme is being implemented since 1999-2000 in the form of "Golden Thread" for development of the indigenous Eri and Muga industry of Assam in some selected districts of the State. The targeted year of completion of the project was 2002-2003. Upto the end of the year 2002-2003 the number of Self Help Group assisted with bank loan and subsidy were 171 covering 1775 numbers of Swarojgaries.
III. Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana (SGRY) – Stream-I: This is a restructured programme of earlier EAS. The main objectives of the programme are to create additional employment opportunities, creation of durable community based social and economic assets etc. The scheme is open to all rural people below poverty line who are in need of wage employment. During the year 2002-2004 an amount of Rs 15924.99 lakh had been spent along with supply of 118090 MT of Rice to generate 289.69 lakh mandays. The physical assets created under the programme during the year were 4223 Km. Of Rural Roads, 1298 Nos. of School Buildings, 631 Nos. Nos. of Bridges/Culverts and 205 Nos. of Community Halls, Under this Scheme special emphasis has been given for upliftment of the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe people.
IV. Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojana – Stream II: This is restructured programme of earlier JGSY. The implementation of the programme is entirely restored to the Gaon Panchayat to develop infrastructures at village level. During 2002-2003 an amount of Rs 12593.75 lakh was spent under the scheme for generation of 227.65 lakh mandays. The infrastructure created under the programme were 6053 Km of Rural Roads, 452 Nos. of School Buildings, 806 Nos. of Bridges/Culverts and 779 Nos. of Community Halls.
V. Prime Minister’s Rojgar Yojana (PMRY): The PMRY is implemented both in urban as well as rural areas of the State with a view to provide self-employment to the educated youths. The scheme is implemented through District Industries Centre (DIC) of the State. Any person between age group of 18 to 40 years with qualification HSSLC examination passed/failed or ITI passed or having undergone Government sponsored technical course for a minimum duration of six months and his/her income ceiling is Rs 40,000 per annum is eligible for assistance under this scheme. It covers a project upto Rs 2.00 lakh. The performance of PMRY for last five years in the State may be seen in the Table – 16.7.
TABLE – 16.8
PERFORMANCE OF PMRY IN ASSAM
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P - Provisional Source: Directorate of Industries and Commerce, Assam. |
VI. Chief Minister’s Swa-Nivojan Yojana: The Government of Assam has launched a unique self-employment scheme called "Chief Minister’s Swa-Niyojan Yojana" in the month of September 2001 for imparting job oriented training to the educated unemployed youths of the State in different industrially developed states of the country. The status of the programme of Chief Minister’s Swa-Niyojan Yojana as available upto August 2003 is furnished in Table – 16.8.
TABLE – 16.8
STATUS OF CHIEF MINISTER’S SWA-NIYOJAN YOJANA AS ON 31-08-2003
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Source: Directorate of Industries and Commerce, Assam. |
VII. Small Scale Industry (SSI) and Handicrafts Units: During the Ninth Five Year Plan, the number of Small Scale Industries and Handicrafts units established in the State were 12,664 and 12,490 respectively with an employment of 42,340 nos. in SSI units and 29,963 Nos. in Handicrafts units.
VIII. Khadi and Village Industry: As per information available the Khadi and Village Industries has provided employment to 64,845 unemployed persons in the State during the year 2002-2003.
Similarly, some other organisations have also taken up various programmes schemes to generate employment opportunities for the unemployed youths of the State. The Assam State Transport Corporation through "Self-Employment Scheme 2001" is reported to have generated employment avenues for about 6000 unemployed youths during the last two years.
AVERAGE DAILY WAGE RATE IN RURAL AREAS:
16.6.0 As per data collected by the Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Assam the Average Daily Wage Rate of Workers (carpenters, black-smith, field-labour, herdsman and other agricultural male labour) shows a more or less steady upward trend.
TABLE – 16.9
AVERAGE DAILY WAGE RATE IN RURAL AREAS IN ASSAM
(In Rupees)
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Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Assam |
INDUSTRIAL DISPUTES:
16.7.0. As per report received from the Labour Commissioner, Assam altogether 24 numbers of industrial units of the State was involved in industrial dispute during 2002 as against 7 numbers of industrial units in the previous year. The number of man-days lost due to strike, lock-out etc. was 2,25,976 during 2002 as against 15,932 during 2001. Further, the value of production lost as a result of said disputes in 2002 has been estimated at Rs 473.43 lakh, which was Rs 15.89 lakh in the previous year.
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