SIKKIM - STATE ANNUAL PLAN 2001-2002PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERINGDEMAND NO. 34I. CRUCIAL FACTORS NEEDING DEMANDING ATTENTION: Crucial factors which the Urban Water Supply Sector increasingly needs to pay attention are: a. Increase in Urban Population: State of Sikkim is today passing through rapid Urbanization resulting into impulsive growth of Urban population. The includes expansion of urban cerntres, and also growing influx and migration of rural population to urban centres. The 1991 Census figure of entire urban population of the state was only 37,000 However, this is a deceptive figure arising out of delimitation of urban boundaries Urbanisations in most cases have spilled over its actual boundaries to rural areas to a very great extent. For example, it is estimated. Gangtok urban population is presently touches the mark of 1,00,000 whereas, census figure projects it to be around 25,000 only. PHE Department has assessed that it is requirement to serve at least 40% of the entire state population with its Water Supply System of which 1/3rd alone residing in Gangtok. Therefore, there is a very MARKED PRESSURE on the Department to expand and construct necessary facilities to fulfil Water Supply needs of the ever growing urban population. b. Necessity to improve quality of Drinking Water Being Supplied: It is the religious duly of the Department to provide safe water to the public. Furthermore, due to various type of interference, today water sources are becoming increasingly polluted, public awareness is also focusing attention on the vital issue. Presently there are only 8 treatment plant facilities out of over 40 rquired. Apart from this, necessity for installation of water quality monitoring facilities has also to be taken up as a high priority task. c. Necessary to Construct Sewerage Systems timely in all Upcoming Towns: Implementation of Sewerage System in Gangtok during late 70’s has proven to be a very timely. Due to traffic and highly built-up areas, today constructing such a system would be quite impossible. Towns like, Jorethang, Singtam, Ranpo, Gyalsing, Pakyong, etc. are presently developing at a very fast pace. It is therefore, necessary to plan comprehensive Sewerage Systems in these Towns and implement initial stage works to cater to highly developed areas. 2. STRATEGY FOR 2001-2002 Keeping in view above factors and varius related issues, the Department intends to prepare and implement TECHNICALLY SOUND and very LONG TERM schemes for all the urbanised areas of the State. The tasks would entail construction of new Water Treatment Plants. Augmentation of water in deficit areas. Extension and Expansion of Existing Systems, strengthening of its Water Testing Facilities and Revenue Generation Mechanism. 3. DESCRIPTION OF KEY AREAS OF WORKS: Public health Engineering Department is responsible for providing safe Water Supply and adequate Sanitary and Sewerage Services to the Urban and Semi Urban population of the State. a. Water Supply, Sewerage and Sanitation Systems of the following Urban and Semi-urban Centres are under the PHE Department: (i) Capital of the State- Gangtok (ii) 7 numbers of notified other Urban towns (iii) 55 numbers of notified Rural Marketing Centres b. Gangtok Water Supply Schemes: Source of Gangtok Water Supply Reteychu rivulet is located at an altitude of 8200 ft. This rivulet originates from a glacial-fed Water Body, lake Tamze (altitude 12.500ft.) which is about 52 Km away from the existing Water Treatment Plant at Selep (altitude of 6800 ft.). Till recently about 13.60 million litres of water was being transported from the source to Selep (17 km) through 3 number of 6" dia and one number of" dia Raw Water Trunk Mains in 1999-2000, a 14’ dia new Trunk Main was constructed, thereby boosting the availability of raw ater (theoretically) to 36.36 million litres daily. The Selep Water Treatment Plant presently has treatment capacity of only 13.36 million litres daily. Expansion of treatment facilities to additional 22.72 mld to accommodate entire volume of raw ater is envisaged to be taken up in the current financial year. Treated water is reserved in 14.00 million litres capacity reservoirs at Selep, and thereafter transported to over 20 Nos. of Distribution Reservoirs having total capacity of over 6.00 million litres and located at strategic locations. From here, water is further distributed to various consumer zones through Zonal Tanks and network of over 150 Kms of Trunk Lines. Feeder Mains and Distribution Lines. Raw Water Trunk Lines from u Source to Water Treatment Plants at Selep have been laid on the 17 km long track which passes through hilly and vulnerable terrain. Often slides occur along the track causing damages to the pipelines. Therefore slope stabilization along the pipe-route is extremely essential. Presently quantum of water being brought from the source is manageably sufficient, however, there is a pressing need to increase the capacity of Water Transpoerting Main Lines to various water deficit areas. For instance, there is an acute need to provide additional lines between Selep to Enchey and from the here down to Deorali and Tadung. There is also a need to replace old and inefficient Distribution System with the scientifically designed System to contain leakages and pilferages of water. The vulnerable areas are Lower Arithang. Lower Sichey, Syari, Dara Gaun, etc.
c. Sewerage Works at Gangtok: Of the three phased Gangtok sewerage Scheme. First Phase was implemented during late 70’s. The system today cates to approximately 20,000 people. Gangtok. Town Sewerage System stands Timely implemented and has been an immense help for the community today. The main Trunk Lines is 30" in diameter which has been liad along and under NH-31 A from the centre of town to Treatment Plant site at Adampul and covers a distance of almost 10 km. The town’s Sewerage system consists of collection of Domestic sewage from various zpmes tjrpigj cCp;;ectopm cja,bers amd Sib,aoms )6" dia to 9" dia). Submains are connected to Mains (12" dia to 24" dia). Sewage is finally transported through Trunk Line (30" dia) to Adampul treatment Plant Site. Sewage is treated here to render it harmless and finally disposed off into the River body. Initially over 33,000 ft. of pipe lines were laid to cater to the Central Business District (New Market, Old Market, Kazi Road and Tibet Road Areas), and since then many other developed areas have been included into the system. These other areas are Development Area, GICI Area, Diesel Power House Area, Arithang Area, Church Road Area, parts of Sichey Area, etc. Expansion of Sewer System is continuing and more and more developing areas are being incorporated into the System. During CFY it is proposed to extend the Sewer System in Upper Sichey area. Development Area. TNA area, and some part of Tadung areas.
d. Water Supply Schemes in 7 Nos. of Urban Towns: Apart from Gangtok town, Water Supply System in seven other urban towns including three District Administrative Centres are looked after by the Public Health Engineering Department. The towns are growing rapidly as tourist as well as commercial centres. Namchi, Pelling, Ravangla, Yuksom today attract large nos. of tourists. Therefore, there is a need for augmentation of Water Supply System in these Towns. With the augmentation works, intallations of proper treatment plants are also needed. While all the 7 Major notified towns have been covered by proper Water Supply System. However, of the 7t Towns, treatment facilities are available in Ranpo, Jorethang, Singtam and Mangan only. Therefore construction of Water Treatment and Filtration Systems in remaining towns and improvement and augmentation of existing Distribution System in many other towns are also required.
e. Water Supply Schemes in Rural Marketing Centres: Most of the Rural marketing Centrs which wre, a few years back, small in terms of habitation have gown into small urban towns, such as, Ranipul, Rhenock Rongli, Pakyong, etc. Out of 55 RMCs 33 have PHE Water Supply Systems which basically consist of physical treatment and infecting of water by use of Chemicals and distribution. Now with the gowth in population water supply systems in many of these Marketing Centres need augmentation. Ninth Plan targeted coverag of population of RMCs is 27,000 of which till date 22,000 have been covered.
4. OTHER SPECIFIC SCHEMES The following are schemes are covered under different Specific Heads: a. Namchi Water Supply Scheme: Namchi is the District Administrative Centre of South District and is located in one of the driest Districts of Sikkim. There has been a rapid population growth in this town with establishment of various Educational Institution and Industies. Town is also coming up as a potential Toursit Centre. The Water from the town has been brought from a source called Barmelly which is more than 42 km away from the town. The main pipeline runs through stope area and at many places it crossed sliding zones. Works to stablise such weak areas in phased manner are needed to be taken up. Since the Barmelly source is becoming inadequate it is necessary to supplement the existing Barmelly source with another source called Kali Khola which is loated about 2 km further away. Apart from these works, strengthening of Water Distribution System in many deficit areas of the town is also required.
b. Pakyong Bazar Water Supply: Augmentation for Pakyong Bazar was a long felt need. The work has been sanctioned at the cost of 370.00 lakhs. The works have already been tendered and is expected to be completed by the end of this Financial Year.
c. Schemes Under NABRAD The following Schemes have taken up under NABRAD: Rs 100.00 (I) Construction Water Distribution System at Tadung and Dara Gaun: Samdur, Tadung and Upper Tadung do not have proper Water Supply System. One 1" dia line meant for Holy Cross School is presently supplying water to a few residences. All in all it is suffice to say that the people living in these areas are suffering immensely due to lack of adequate Water Supply System. NABRAD have presently approved and sanctioned two schemes, one of which is "Extension of Water Supply Scheme at Samdur. Upper Tradung and Tadung" at the cost of Rs 206.56 lakhs. The works will be model system incorporating newer innovative methods of constructing Water Distribution System which can be emulated in other areas also. Two key features to be introduced are: a. Use of ductile iron pipes in Consumer points. b. Use Water Distribution Boxes to prevent water pilferages. Other works include Zonning, facilities for Fire Fighting System, Zonal Reservoirs, etc.
(II) Construction Water Distribution System at Mangan Mangan Gazaar Water Supply Distribution System had been laid long time back in 1978-79, while population of Mangan Gazaar was quite neglibible. Now, the present population has increased many tolds, as such, water supply has become inadequate in all the places. Earlier, the department had completed augmentation works of Mangan Gazaar Water Supply System from Rafong Khola source, including, construction of reservoir and treatment plant. It is now proposed to lay new distribution system and distribution reservoirs. The new works will benefit such areas as. Pentok Animal Husbandry area. Agriculture complex, Power complex and left out gazaar areas. The works will include, construction of distribution reservoir, static tank for fire fighting system and laying of main pipe lines.
(III) Other NABRAD Schemes: Department is strongly contemplating to take up several other NABRAD schemes. These are: a. Syari Water Supply Scheme
5. CENTRALLY SPONSORED SCHEMES: Ministry of Urban Development Government of India have sanctioned one Centrally Sponsored Scheme under Accelerated Urban Water Supply Scheme Programme as below: a. Augmentation of Singtam Gazaar Water Supply Scheme under AUWSP: Singtam is a major commercial town of East District. Its population according to the 1991 census was 3868. An estimated present population of the area is approximately 5000 souls. The Design period of the present scheme is 20 years, by which time population growth is expected to be approximately 9000 @3% growth rate p.a) The object of the scheme is to cater to the water supply needs of a projected population of 9000 souls for a design (intermediate) period of 20 years. At the prescribed rate of 70 Lpcd. Projected water demand for this population works out to 6,30,000 lpd. The additional requirement of water works out to be 5,10,000 lpd.
b. Other Centrally Sponsored Scheme: There is every likelihood of Department receiving grant for further more schemes under CSS. The targeted schemes are: (i) Construction of treatment Plants
6. EXTERNALLY AIDED PROJECTS: Under the AusAid Programme, among other schemes, Gangtok Water Supply, Sewerage and Sanitation works will also be taken up. The grant is to the tune of over Aus $20.00 million spread over 5 to 7 years period. The scheme is likely to be started from 2001-2002.
ABSTRACT
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